Excessive Generation Generation of wastes has been an acute problem for a long time now. According to a Study by the University of Georgia, Indonesia has a major plastic waste problem on its hands. At the moment, the country is second only to China when it comes to dumping plastic waste into the world’s oceans, an estimated 3.22 million metric tons of plastic waste is tossed annually into the ocean surrounding Indonesia, while another 8.82 million metric tons of China’s plastic waste also makes its way into the ocean. The crisis of plastic waste isn’t just limited to the ocean, but it has also affected Indonesian rivers. Data from Nature Communications revealed that four of Indonesia’s rivers – Brantas, Solo, Serayu and Progo – rank among the 20 most polluted rivers in the world Landfill Issue Leachate and emissions of the harmful greenhouse gases are frequently associated with Landfills. A closer look at the qualitative contents of the wastes produced reveals that most materials that end up as wastes contain toxic materials. Gradually these toxic substances precipitate and leach out of the soil, eventually entering the groundwater and rendering them hazardous and unfit for consumption for years to come. The organic materials, compacted as a result of this, are covered down without being exposed to soil. This affects the natural aerobic process of decomposition by inhibiting oxygen through the covering of organic substances. This contributes to the production of inflammable, unwanted and harmful greenhouse house gases like Methane which are lethal to living organisms. Indonesia is estimated to generate over 190,000 tons of waste every day, the majority of which is organic waste. Plastic constitutes around 25,000 tons per day of which at least 20 percent is believed to end up in rivers and coastal waters. The global plastic waste in the world’s oceans some figures suggest 15 percent comes from Indonesia. This is a global problem on a cataclysmic scale. Unfortunately, given Indonesia’s geography, scale and population, this country arguably faces the toughest of all challenges. Residents and businesses in Jakarta probably have no idea where their trash really ends up. Organized mismanagement ever since waste-management has evolved into a profit making venture, people who opined in favor of safe and effective waste-management techniques have been outmatched by new industries waiting to invest in this business. Every industry, inclusive of the waste-management sector, has been a victim of organized corruption - either controlled by certain individuals or through systematic looting. These corporations have no regard for environmental impacts and do not seem to understand the severity of the issue. Mismanaged waste means the material is littered or not properly disposed off meaning there isn’t a formally managed waste management system. Plastic Waste, also known as End-of-Life products that are use plastics that are not safe for public use due to their abrasion state. Since their non-biodegradability, flammability and chemical composition lead to leaching of toxic substances into the ground upon dumping, as well as the release of hazardous fumes during the incineration process, waste tires have inexplicably caused an enormous global problem. The disposal of waste plastics in landfills proven to be not only detrimental to the environment but it also taking up space that can be better utilized. Most rigid plastic products can only be recycled a few times before they lose their original properties and become non-recyclable. Even in European countries with strict waste management strategies, only 31% of plastic waste is recycled. Worldwide plastic production is predicted to increase by 3.8% every year until 2030. Flexible, non-recyclable plastic materials are used in an increasing range of applications like packaging, 3D printing, and construction. We need to expand our range of options for keeping this plastic waste out of landfill. One potential approach is “plastic to energy”, which unlocks the chemical energy stored in waste plastic and uses it to create fuel.